Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Education for girls has been recognized as a key factor in promoting gender equality, poverty reduction, and sustainable development. However, in many parts of Nigeria, girls still face significant barriers to accessing education, including cultural practices, economic constraints, and inadequate educational infrastructure (Jibrin & Ibrahim, 2024). Karu Local Government in Nasarawa State is one such area where gender disparities in education persist, despite various national and state-level policies aimed at improving access to education for girls (Oche & Ayuba, 2023). These policies include the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Act, the Girls’ Education Project, and other initiatives aimed at reducing gender-based disparities in education. This study will examine how these policies have been implemented in Karu and assess their effectiveness in improving girls' education in the local government.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the introduction of policies designed to improve access to education for girls in Karu, many girls still face barriers to education, including early marriage, long distances to schools, and inadequate facilities for female students (Jibola & Musa, 2024). While some progress has been made, the full implementation of policies is still hindered by socioeconomic and cultural factors. This study will explore the reasons behind these persistent challenges and assess how effective the policies have been in improving girls’ access to education in Karu.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the effectiveness of policies aimed at improving girls’ education in Karu Local Government.
2. To identify the barriers to girls’ education in Karu, despite existing policies.
3. To recommend strategies for improving access to education for girls in Karu.
1.4 Research Questions
1. How effective have policies been in improving access to education for girls in Karu Local Government?
2. What are the main barriers to girls' education in Karu, despite these policies?
3. What strategies can be implemented to improve girls’ education in Karu Local Government?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1. Policies have had a positive impact on increasing girls' access to education in Karu Local Government.
2. Cultural and economic barriers continue to limit the effectiveness of policies aimed at improving girls’ education in Karu.
3. Enhancing infrastructure and community awareness will improve girls’ access to education in Karu.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study will contribute to the understanding of the effectiveness of education policies in addressing gender disparities in education, with a focus on rural and semi-urban areas. The findings will offer useful insights for policymakers, educators, and NGOs working to improve girls' education in Nigeria and help design more effective strategies for overcoming the challenges girls face in accessing education.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on Karu Local Government and examine policies specific to improving girls’ education in the area. It does not cover other local governments in Nasarawa State or general education policies unrelated to gender equality. Limitations may include difficulty in accessing data from local schools and government officials, as well as potential biases in reporting on policy effectiveness.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
• Girls’ Education: Education that is specifically targeted at improving the educational opportunities and outcomes for girls, often addressing gender-specific barriers.
• Policy Implementation: The process of executing government policies at the local level to achieve desired outcomes.
• Barriers to Education: Factors such as cultural practices, economic constraints, and inadequate infrastructure that prevent individuals, particularly girls, from accessing education.
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Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
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Background of the Study
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